| Detailed studies of the text
Paragraph 1 Language Point 1 The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds --- even thousands --- of years. Bazaar: a market place or a group of shops in oriental countries. Personification: an act of personifying sth. that is without life Hyperbole: overstate or exaggerate sth. in order to make it sound bigger, smaller, better, worse, etc. than it really is
Language Point 1.1 The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic - arched gateway of aged brick and stone. Paraphrase: I have now in my mind the bazaar I once visited. The gateway by which we entered it was made of very old brick and stone and built in a Gothic style with an arch.
Language Point 2 You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern… heat→cool glare→dark open square→cavern Cavern: originally means a large cave. In the text, it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them. Glare : shining intensely, uncomfortably, and too strong; in a way unpleasant to the eyes
Language Point 3 …which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance. Extend: 1. lay or move out (the body or a limb) at full length伸开；展开（身体或四肢）
He extended his hand to the new worker. 他伸手同新雇员握手。
The athlete extended her arms out sideways. 体操运动员平伸双臂。
2. make sth. longer or larger (in space or time) 使（在空间或时间上）伸展；扩大；加大
Can you extend your visit a few days longer? 你能多停留几天吗？
Could you please extend the credit for me? 能为我延长信贷期限吗？
Eye: See teacher’s book P3. No. 4. losing itself in the shadowy distance: In the farthest distance everything becomes obscure, unclear, only dimly visible in the dark surroundings. Shadowy: unclear and indistinct
Paraphrase Language Point 2, 3: The square in front of the gateway is big and open, with heat and bright sunlight. The burning heat and blinding sunlight outside forms a sharp contrast to the coolness and darkness inside. The market is so long that we can’t see its end and the objects in the distance seem unclear and indefinite like shadows. Language Point 4 Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. Harmonious: agreeable, pleasant to ears harmoniously: in a pleasant and peaceful way thread their way: The donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another. Throng: crowd; a large number of people gathered together. Throng varies so little in meaning from crowd that the two words are often used interchangeably without loss.
Language Point 5 …, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. narrow: make or become narrow In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her eyes. Stall: small, open-fronted shop Conceivable: imaginable; that can be imagined. goods of every conceivable kind: goods of every kind you can think of.
Language Point 6 The din of the stall-holder; crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.
Din: loud, confused, continuous noise. The word often suggests unpleasant, disordered mixture of confusing and disturbing sounds. Wares: items of goods Clear a way: remove all that occupies. Vigorously: desperately, energetically Would-be: likely, possible, intended to be e.g. a would-be musician / football player；her would-be husband Purchaser: buyer Dizzy: confused Paraphrase: Owners of the stands cry their goods loudly; boys riding donkeys and porters carrying luggage shout vigorously to clear a way for themselves; customers argue and bargain. All these noises combine together and continue endlessly to make you dizzy.
Paragraph 2 Language Point 7 Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. Penetrate: vt. 1) understand or discover sth. that is difficult to understand or is hidden Science can penetrate many of nature's mysteries. 科学可以解开很多自然之谜。
No one could penetrate the meaning of the inscription. 没有人能读懂这铭文。
2) (into / through / to) go into or through sth. 穿透，渗入，进入
The cold seemed to penetrate his bones. 他感到寒气刺骨。
These fine particles penetrate deep into the lungs. 这些微小的颗粒能深入肺部。
The war penetrates every area of the nation's life. 战争影响到这个国家生活的方方面面。
Fade away: disappear bit by bit fade: vi. 1) (cause to) lose color or freshness 褪色
Her dark blue skirt was so old that it had faded to light blue. 她那条深兰的裙子很旧了，颜色已褪成浅蓝色了。
2) disappear bit by bit 逐渐消失
The music from the band slowly faded away. 乐队的音乐渐渐地消失了。
As we drove into the mountains, the radio signal faded. 当我们驶进山区时，无线电信号渐渐减弱了。
Muted: less noise, more quiet. muted (→quiet, silent) Exs. P9. Ⅶ. 3) : quiet or silent means that there is no sound while muted means that there is noise, but the noise is absorbed.
Paraphrase Exs. P6. Ⅱ. 2): The farther you push / force your way into the bazaar, the lower and softer the noise becomes until finally it disappears. Then you arrive at the cloth market where the sound is hardly audible.
Language Point 8 The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps, and the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sounds to echo. Earthen: made of earth Deaden: to lessen or dull the sound of (footsteps) This drug will deaden the pain. The thick wall deadened the noise from the street. Vaulted: having the form of a vault; arched. Here it means Moslem style of architecture. Echo: v. (of places) repeat a sound
His footsteps echoed in the empty hall. 他的脚步声在空荡荡的大厅内回响。
The room echoed with the sound of their happy laughter. 房间里回荡着他们快乐的笑声。
Language Point 9 The shop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers, overwhelmed by the sepulchral atmosphere, follow suit . Measured: carefully controlled overwhelm: vt. 1)(of feelings) make (sb.) completely helpless, usu. suddenly 使不知所措, (感情上) 使（某人）受不了
He was overwhelmed with grief at the news of his son’s death in an accident. 听到儿子在事故中丧生的消息, 他悲痛欲绝。
The whole nation was overwhelmed with excitement because of its victory in bidding for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. 由于申办2008年奥运会成功，整个国家都沉浸在兴奋激动之中。
2) defeat 胜过，击败
They were overwhelmed by the enemy. 他们被敌军击败了。
The policeman overwhelmed the robber by holding his arm. 警察抓住抢劫者的胳膊制服了他。
Sepulchral: dismal, gloomy, solemn Follow suit: to do the same as someone else has done e.g. When the others went swimming, I followed suit. He went to bed and I followed suit after a few minutes.
Writing skill: Paragraph 2: cloth market: “the noise of the entrance fades away”→ “muted” → reason: 1. “the earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps ”; 2. “the shop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones” and the buyers “follow suit”; 3. “sepulchral”
Paragraph 3 Language Point 10 One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods do not scatter themselves over the bazaar, in order to avoid competition, but collect in the same area, so that purchasers can know where to find them, and so that they can form a closely knit guild against injustice or persecution . Peculiarities: characteristic; a special feature that is different from normal or usual, strangeness. deal in: sell and buy, trade in scatter: (cause to) move far apart in different directions, or spread widely in all directions
（使）分散，驱散；撒播
The students scattered in all directions. 学生们朝各个方向散去。
The soldiers came in and scattered the crowd. 士兵进来把人群驱散了。·
I scattered grass seed all over the lawn. 我把草籽撒在整个草坪上。
Collect: gather Knit: unite firmly and closely Guild: n. any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests. 协会 persecution: cruel treatment persecute: to treat cruelly, cause to suffer, esp. for religious or political beliefs Many intellectuals were persecuted in the Cultural Revolution. be persecuted by sb. for sth. suffer from political / religious persecution
Language Point 11 In the cloth-market, for instance, all the sellers of material for clothes, curtains, chair covers and so on line the roadway on both sides, each open-fronted shop having a trestle table for display and shelves for storage. open-fronted shop: the goods are displayed at the front of the shop. trestle: wooden beam fixed at each end to a pair of spreading legs, used, usu. in pairs, as a removable support of a table or other flat surface. display: vt.1） show signs of having (a quality or emotion, etc.)
She displayed great self-control when they told her the news. 当他们把消息告诉她时, 她表现出极大的自制力。
Her writing displays natural talent. 她的文章显示出了她的天赋。
2） put sth. on show
The new fashions for the season are displayed in the shop windows. 应季的新时装在橱窗里展示了出来。
It’s the first time the painting has been displayed to the public. 这幅画是首次公开展览。
The word “display” is also used as a noun with a related meaning.
The goods were in the shop window display. 商品在橱窗里展示着。
There is going to be an art display in the public park this evening. 今晚在公园里有艺术展览。
a sudden display of temper 突然发脾气
exhibit: vt. show in public, as for sale , or in a competition
He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry. 他表现出来的症状为焦虑和极度不安。
The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September. 九月份，经济继续显示出下滑的势态。
His work was exhibited in America, Europe and Asia. 他的作品在美洲、欧洲和亚洲展览过 Display (→exhibit) Exs. P9. Ⅶ. 4) : 见教参p.18. storage: n. the act of storing 储存，储藏
storage space 储存空间
His task is to ensure the fair use and storage of personal information held in computer. 他的任务是确保合理使用和保存电脑中的个人信息。 Cold storage is used to keep eggs and meat from spoiling. 冷藏用来防止蛋类和肉类变质。
Paraphrase: Take the cloth market as an example. On both sides of the street are cloth shops with open fronts where there is a trestle table to display their goods and shelves to store them. Here we can find all kinds of material for clothes, curtain, chain covers and so on.
Language Point 12 Bargaining is the order of the day. order of the day: the characteristic or dominant feather or activity, the prevailing state of things If sth. is the order of the day, it is very common among a particular group of people e.g. Learning English is now the order of the day in China. Jeans and mini-skirts are no longer the order of the day now.
Language Point 13 …, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing and doing a little preliminary bargaining before they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down. veiled women: 见课后p. 5. Note 4. preliminary: a. coming before or preparing for sth. else that is more important 预备的，初步的
a preliminary meeting 预备会议
After a few preliminary remarks the discussions began. 几句开场白后，讨论就开始了。
Our team got beaten in the preliminary rounds of the competition. 我队在预赛中被打败了。
Narrow down: reduce, cut down Beat down: to reduce by argument or other influence, to persuade sb. to reduce a price Paraphrase Exs. P6. Ⅱ. 3) : They drop some of items that they don’t really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.
Paragraph 4 Language Point 14 It is a point of honour with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment. a point of honour: a great thing to be done so as to show importance for one’s self-respect e.g. It's a point of honour with me to keep my promise = I made it a point of honour to keep my promise. Paraphrase: The customer will not let the shopkeeper guess what she is interested in and really wants to buy until she has made up her mind. It is a matter of honor, otherwise, she would feel ashamed.
Language Point 15 The seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer. Make a point of …: 见教参p8. No. 18. (2). make a point of / make it a point to: do sth because one considers it important or necessary, to take particular care of, make extraordinary efforts in, regard or treat as necessary I always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out. I always made a point of being on time. I always make a point of remembering my wife's birthday. He made a point of thanking his hostess before he left the party.
Protest: Here means insisting strongly. protest: v. 1. make complaint, object 反对；抗议
The children protested against having adults in the game. 孩子们反对大人参加游戏。
2. declare seriously 宣称
The charged man protested his innocence. 被指控的男子宣称自己无辜。
n. 1. a statement that declines or objects 抗议
They yielded only after protest. 他们是在遭到抗议之后才妥协的。
2. a serious statement宣称
The charged man was judged guilty despite his protest of innocence.尽管那个被指控的男子宣称自己无辜，他还是被判有罪。
Deprive…of: make sb. lose; prevent…from The judge deprived him of his political rights. The accident deprived him of his sight / hearing.
Sacrifice: N. [U] the action of giving up sth. that one values for the sake of sth. more important or valuable 牺牲
a mother's day-to-day sacrifices for her children 母亲日复一日为子女付出的牺牲
We had to make sacrifices and go without entertainment in order to pay for our children's education. 为了支付孩子们的教育费用，我们放弃娱乐，做出牺牲。 V. give up (sth. that is valuable) for sth. more important or valuable 牺牲，献出
He sacrificed his life trying to save the child from the burning house.
为了把这个孩子从着火的房子里救出来，他献出了自己的生命。
The people are prepared to sacrifice everything to achieve victory.
人们已做好准备为取得胜利而献出一切。
regard: respect Paraphrase: As contrasted to the buyers, the seller thinks it necessary and important to declare that the price he is charging leaves him no profit at all and he sacrifices this to show respect or favor to the customer.
Language Point 16 …, with the customer coming and going at intervals. at intervals (of): happening regularly after equal periods of time or appearing at equal distances (of)
He is likely to need to rest at frequent intervals. 他很可能需要隔一小会儿就休息一下。
Trees are planted at intervals of three feet in this area. 在这个地区每隔三英尺种着一棵树。 Paraphrase: …because the customer comes and goes arguing the price a few times before the business is finally done.
Paragraph 5<, /S, PAN> Language Point 17 One of the most picturesque and impressive parts of the bazaar is the copper-smiths' market. Picturesque: striking; vivid Impressive: having a strong effect on sb. 给人印象深刻的
There are some very impressive buildings in the town. 城市中有一些给人留下非常深刻印象的建筑物。
His speech is most impressive. 他的演讲给人以非常深刻的印象。 copper-smith: black-gold-silver-tin-smith 铁、金、银、白铁匠
Language Point 18 As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. Approach: v. come near to靠近,接近
The teacher approached me and asked what's wrong with me. 老师走近我，问我怎么了。 N. 1. [U] the act of coming near靠近,接近
The approach of winter brings cold weather. 冬天将至, 天气转冷。
2. [C] a means or way of entering途径
All the approaches to the town were guarded by soldiers. 所有进城通道都有士兵把守。
3. [C] [to] a way or method of doing sth. 方式,方法
He didn't want to use the new approach to English teaching. 他不愿意采用新方法教授英语。
Tinkling, banging, clashing: 见教参P9. No.22. Impinge on: impinge on (upon): to have influence on, (Here: to strike) The strong light impinges on his eyes. The noise of the aeroplane overhead impinged on our ears.
Paraphrase Exs. P6. Ⅱ. 5): When you go near to the copper-smiths’ market, you can hear distinctly the noise of ringing and banging and clashing.
Language Point 19 It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers . Distinct：clearly seen, heard, understood, etc. e.g. Anything clearly noticed is distinct. There is a distinct smell of cigarette smoke in this room. (→clearer) Exs. P9. Ⅶ. 5) Distinct means that the sound is do clear that it can easily be distinguished apart from other sounds. Round: to go round e.g. Please round your lips to say "oo". Stones rounded by the action of water are called cobbles.
burnish: to polish, esp. metal, usu. with sth. hard and smooth, to make smooth and shiny Dancing flashes: quick bright lights moving up and down Catch the light of: intercept and reflect the light of… Paraphrase: As you go nearer, the noise becomes louder and cleaner. When you go around a corner, it seems as if in front of you there is a fairyland with bright lights from the lamps and braziers moving up and down when they are reflected by the polished copper.
Language Point 20 In each shop sit the apprentices – boys and youths, some of them incredibly young – hammering away at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes, while the shop-owner instructs, and sometimes takes a hand with a hammer himself. incredible: too strange to be believed, unbelievable Hammering away: away means “continuously, constantly” Instruct: 1. give orders or directions to 指示，命令；通知
Mr. Smith instructed his men that they only got two days to finish all the work.
史密斯先生通知手下，他们只有两天时间来完成全部任务。
2. give knowledge or information to 教育，指导
Who is instructing your typing? 谁在教你打字？ take a hand: help; play a part in
Paraphrase: The apprentices who are mostly boys and youths sit in the shop and strike the copper utensils which are of different shapes and sizes with hammers in their hands. Some of them are so young that you may find it unbelievable for them to work there. The shop-owner gives instruction and orders and sometimes takes a hammer to help.
Language Point 21 In the background, a tiny apprentice blows a bi-, charcoal fire with a huge leather bellowsworked by a string attached to his big toe -- the red of the live coals glowing, bright and then dimming rhythmicallyto the strokes of the bellows. Attach to: to fix something to something else系在......上；连接到......上
Attach the handle to the box. 把这个把手装到箱子上。
We attached a business card to the briefcase. 我们在这小提箱上贴了一张名片。 China has been attaching primary importance to the development of economy. 中国一直把发展经济的工作放在第一位（中国重视经济发展）。
Live: burning or glowing the red of the live…The light of the burning coal becomes alternately bright and dim (by turns, one follows the other) as the charcoal burns and dies down, burns again, along with the repeated movements of the bellows.
Glow:v. produce light and heat without fire,
Some natural matter can glow in the dark.有些自然物质能在黑暗中闪光。 Colored lights glowed on the celebration night. 节日之夜灯火辉煌。
glow with: show redness or heat with feelings, etc.
My father’s face glowed with satisfaction when he saw my college grades. 父亲看到我的学校成绩时，脸上露出满意的神情。 应用：我们的生活因为人与人之间不断增加的关爱而变得灿烂。 Glow with the heat of… Our life glows with the heat of people’s affection for each other.
rhythmically: happening at regular periods of time, alternately; by turns, at intervals stroke: single movement, which is repeated (esp. in a sport or game) e.g. She can't swim but has made a few strokes with her arms.
Paraphrase: At the back of the room, a little boy ties a big leather bellows to his big toe with a string and thus blows a big charcoal fire. The burning coals rhythmically glow bright and then dim according to the repeated movements of the bellows.
Paragraph 6 Language Point 22 Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engrave with delicate and intricate traditional designs, or the simple, everyday kitchenware used in this country, pleasing in form, but undecorated and strictly functional. engrave: to cut (words, pictures, etc.) on wood, stone, or metal The terrible memory was engraved on his mind.
Delicate: 1. showing or needing skill and good judgment巧妙的，需技巧的，敏感的
The pay negotiations have reached a delicate stage.工资谈判到了一个敏感的阶段。
Teachers need to strike a delicate balance between educating their pupils and letting them discover things for themselves. 教师们需要在教导学生与让他们自己有所发现之间达到巧妙的平衡。
2. needing careful treatment; easily damaged 易损的，娇嫩的
I'm not going to let anyone else pack my china; it's much too delicate.
我不打算让其他任何人来为我的瓷器打包，它太精致易碎了。
Delicate plants need to be kept in the room during the winter. 冬季，娇嫩的植物要养在室内。
Intricate: complex；containing many detailed parts and thus difficult to understand.
Decorate: add sth. to (an object or a place), esp. in order to make it more attractive 装饰，装潢
They decorated the classroom with fresh flowers. 他们用鲜花装饰教室。
How much will it cost to decorate the room? 把房间装饰一下要花多少钱？
Functional: designed to serve practical purposes；completely and exactly of practical use. Not ornamental, without many decorations e.g a multi-functional machine Function: the purpose or special duty of a person or thing 功能，作用，机能
The function of the heart is to send blood through the body. 心脏的功能是给全身供血。
Each object has a single function.每件东西自有其独特的用处。
Writing skill: Paragraph 5 and 6: The author captures accurately the most striking character, first the sound and then the light, the sound tinkling, banging and clashing, while the light dancing, so the author defines market in his eye as a fairyland.
Paragraph 7 Language Point 23 Elsewhere there is the carpet-market, with its profusion of rich colours, varied textures and regional designs -- some bold and simple, others unbelievably detailed and yet harmonious. Profusion: plenty; great amount Varied: (→different) Exs. P7. Ⅶ. 7) It stresses the idea of full of changes of variety, having numerous forms or types. Bold: strongly marked; clearly formed, strongly formed words printed in bold type / printed in bold letters
Harmony: [U] a state of complete agreement (in feelings, ideas, etc.)和谐，融洽，和睦，一致
Imagine a society in which all lived together in harmony.想像有这样一个社会，大家都和睦地生活在一起。
The harmony of sea and sky makes a beautiful picture.海天一色构成了一幅美景。
Language Point 24 Then there is the spice-market, with its pungentand exotic smells; and the food-market, where you can buy everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner, or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and apprentices and eat your humble bread and cheese. Pungent: strong; sharp; (often neg.) having a strong, sharp, stinging, burning taste or smell e.g. the pungent smell of burning rubber; pungent criticism
Exotic: (→strange) Exs. P7. Ⅶ. 8) It means not only foreign, but also out of the ordinary, strikingly or excitingly different or unusual. Sumptuous: costly; lavish A sumptuous meal was served to the visiting guests. The king wore sumptuous robes.
Humble: poor; mean
1) having a low opinion of oneself and a high opinion of others 谦逊的，谦虚的
Why were you so humble in the manager's office? 在经理办公室里你为什么那样卑躬屈膝？
The man's humble behavior made a favorable impression on the judge.这人谦恭的举止给法官留下了很好的印象。
The world-famous scientist remains a very humble man. 这位世界闻名的科学家非常谦虚。
2) having a low rank or social position地位（或身份）低下的，不显要的
He held a humble position.他职位低下。
The managing director began in a very humble job. 那位经理一开始从事很低下的职业。
Displaced from power, he had to toil in a humble farmhouse outside Florence.他被撤职下台后，不得不在佛罗伦萨城外的一个简陋的农舍做苦工。
Language Point 25 The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters' market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. Maze: a confusing, intricate network of winding pathways. Honeycomb: A honeycomb is a wax structure made by bees, which contains lots of six-sided holes where they store the honey that they make v. to fill with holes, tunnels, hollow passages like a honeycomb The streets cut the bazaar from all directions and lead towards all directions The streets cut the bazaar into many small sections, thus making it like a honeycomb.
Language Point 26 Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai , where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while the great bales of merchandise they have carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them. Every here and there: at one place or another Glimpse: n. [C] a short look; a quick, incomplete look of sth. out of the corner of one's eye Commonly glimpse means a brief view of a thing
I only caught a glimpse of the thief, so I can’t really describe him. 我只看了一眼那个窃贼，因此讲不出他的容貌。
A glimpse of her was seen among the crowd just before she disappeared from sight. 我在人群中瞥见了她, 但她一下子就不见了。
We saw from the windows of the train, a glimpse of the small village where we had lived for ten years. 我们透过火车的车窗瞥见了我们曾经生活过十年的那个小村庄。
disdainful: contemptuous, showing lack of respect, regard sb. or sth. as low and worthless Here, arrogant, in a superior manner, suggesting that the camels are all stately, strong, heads holding high Bale: large bundle of goods Personification: give a glimpse of; disdainfully Paraphrase: No matter where you go, through each doorway, you may catch sight of a courtyard full of sunlight, perhaps in front of a mosque or a desert inn. There camels lie and chew their hay leisurely, as if they turn their noses up at the human matters.
Paragraph 8 Language Point 27 It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square, and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible. sombre cavern of a room: 见教参p.12. No. 36 sombre: dark-coloured, gloomy, dismal, solemn, very serious atmosphere She was dressed in sombre black for the funeral. cavern of a room: e.g. her tyrant of a father; a palace of a house Before him stood a little shrimp of a fellow.
dim: 1. (of the eyes, eyesight) not able to see well（指眼睛、视力）看不清楚的
His sight is getting dim.他的视力越来越模糊了。
Her eyes are dim with tears.她泪眼朦胧。
2. where or which one cannot see well; not bright 微暗的；朦胧的
This is a dim hall with no windows. 这是一个没有窗户的幽暗的大厅。
Don't read by dim candle-light. 别在暗淡的烛光下看书。 in a dim way 模糊地；朦胧地
dimly: I can only see dimly the edges of the building on a dark night.
黑夜中，只能依稀可见建筑物的轮廓。
This is a dimly lit room. 这是一个灯光昏暗的房间。
Language Point 28 In this cavern are three massive stone wheels, each with a huge pole through its centre as an axle. A huge pole: huge→vast见教参p.12. No. 38. Paraphrase: In the cavern-like room there are three enormous stone wheels and at the center of each wheel there is a pole as an axle around which the wheel moves.
Language Point 29 The pole is attached at the one end to an upright post, around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle, providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel. Revolve: to go in a circle around a central point e.g. The wheels began to revolve slowly., &nbs, p;&n, bsp; He revolved the main points in his mind. cf: turn, revolve, rotate, spin, and circle Turn is a general, rather colourless word implying movement in circle after circle, or in a single full circle or through an arc of a circle e.g. a wheel turning on its axle He turned to speak to his friend. Revolve may suggest regular circular motion on an orbit around sth. outside to it. e.g. The earth revolves around the sun. Rotate is likely to suggest a circular motion on an interior axis(轴心) (the imaginary axle) e.g. The earth rotates on its axis while it revolves in its orbit. Spin implies rapid, sustained, continuous, & constant rotation on an inner axis or fast circling around an exterior point e.g. a wheel spinning on its axle The dancer spun on her toes. To spin strands of cotton or wool, etc, is to twist them into thread. Circle basically applies to a movement around in a more or less circular pattern, but it can also be used to convey a lack of straight directness in a winding course. e.g. Our plane circled the airport for an hour before landing. The fence circles the yard. Blind-folded: with eyes bandaged constantly(→endlessly) Exs. P7. Ⅶ. 11) constantly stresses firmness, steadiness and devotion; endless stresses weariness and monotony.
Language Point 30 The stone wheel crushes it to a pulp, which is then pressed to extract the oil .The camels are the largest and finest I have ever seen, and in superb condition – muscular, massive and stately. crush: vt. 1) press sth. very hard so that it is broken
Don't pack the cakes at the bottom of the box or they'll get crushed. 不要把糕饼放在盒底，否则会压碎的。
Their car was crushed by a truck. 他们的车被一辆卡车压坏了。
2) upset or shock sb. badly
He has almost been crushed by failures. 他几乎被失败击垮了。
His hopes were crushed by the chairman's remarks. 主席的一席话使他的希望破灭了。
3) defeat sb. or sth. completely
They were determined to crush the enemies of their country. 他们决心击败与祖国为敌的人。
The rebellion was crushed by the government forces. 政府军队已把叛乱镇压下去。
Extract: V. obtain from a substance by any chemical or mechanical operation, as by pressure etc. e.g. After crude oil is extracted from a well, it is usually piped to a refinery. N. [C,U]a product obtained by extracting提炼物
That lotion with an extract of rose is oil-free, with soothing properties.
这种护肤液提取玫瑰精华，不油腻，具有放松神经的功效。
Superb: perfect in form, quality, etc. This word describes sth. that reaches the highest conceivable point. Muscular: strong, suggestive of great physical strength Massive: large and impressive Stately: grand in style, noble, dignified. The cameral walks in a slow, deliberate and dignified pace, hence stately.Here implies that the camels walk in a constant, unhurried way with their heads holding high, seemingly dignified.
Paragraph 9 Language Point 31 The pressing of the linseed pulp to extract the oil is done by a vast ramshackle apparatus of beams and ropes and pulleys which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. Ramshackle: shaky; unsteady e.g. a ramshackle house a ramshackle bike, which produces a sound at every part except the bell. Tower: to be very tall, esp. in relation to the height of the surroundings. e.g. The monument to the People's Heroes towers aloft on Tian’anmen. He towers above his contemporaries. 他比他同时代的人都高大得多。 Dwarf: make look small by contrast or distance; cause to appear small when compared (由于对比)使显得矮小，使相形见绌 e.g. Snow-white & the 7 Dwarfs
The new tall building dwarfs all the little shops. 这高大的新建筑使所有的小商店相形见绌。 Vivid expression: vast; ramshackle; tower→dwarf Paraphrase: A very big, old and shaky instrument made up of wooden bars and ropes and pulleys is used to press the linseed pulp and extract the oil. The instrument is so tall as to reach over the vaulted ceiling and the camels and the stone wheels are just pigmies(小矮人) by comparison.
Language Point 32 The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. shovel: tool used for moving or lifting loose material such as sand, snow, coal v. to remove sth. with a shovel Nimble: moving or acting quickly and lightly e.g. as nimble as a monkey She knitted with nimble fingers.
Dizzy: a.1) (of a person) feeling as if everything is spinning around; unable to balance; confused头晕目眩的，迷惑的
After another glass of strong wine, she began to feel dizzy. 又喝了一杯烈酒后，她开始感到头晕。
Climbing ladders makes me dizzy. 爬梯子使我感到头晕。
2) of or causing this feeling使人头晕的，使人迷惑的
The new building reaches the dizzy height of 505 meters. 这幢新楼高达505米，看上去让人头晕目眩。
She rose to the dizzy height of vice-president. 她升到了副总裁的要职。 Who could predict the dizzy pace of change in the country? 谁能预见到这个国家的飞速变化呢？
fasten: vt. secure or fix sth. firmly使牢固，使固定
Please fasten your seat belts. 请系好安全带。
His eyes were fastened on me all the time I was speaking. 我说话的时候，他一直紧紧地盯着我。
Throw one’s weight on to: use all one’s strength to press down e.g. The doctor throws his weight on to the patient’s chest, but it does not work. Set…in motion: get…going/operating e.g. Before the gasoline is discovered, people use diesel oil(柴油) to set the engine in motion.
Language Point 33 Ancient girders girders creak and groan , ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. Creak: 见教参p. 14. No. 45. 2. Groan: 见教参p. 14. No. 45. 3. , Trickle: a slow, small flow (of liquid) Ooze: flow or leak out slowly, as through very small holes e.g. If you squeeze the tube of toothpaste, it oozes out of the tube. Tiny drops of oil are pressed out to form a small flow down the runnel. Used (→old) Exs. P7. Ⅶ. 12) used means no longer new, second-hand Paraphrase: The whole apparatus is put into motion. When moving, the old and backward beams give harsh a sound like that of an unoiled door-hinge and the deep sad sound one utters when in pain. The ropes are drawn tight. Drops of oil flow slowly among a stone tunnel into a used petrol can and gradually grow into a thin line.
Language Point 34 Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels. Glisten: shine brightly, sparkle Taut: tightly stretched, as a rope Taut and protesting: The ropes are drawn tight and the ancient girders creak and groan.
Blend: 1) v. (cause to) mix （使）混和，（使）混杂，（使）交融
Blend the eggs and milk together. 把鸡蛋和牛奶调和在一起。
I tried to blend into the crowd, but I was obviously not dressed for the occasion. 我试图融入人群中，但很明显我的穿着不合这种场合。
2) n. a uniting or combination of some things 混合物
Which blend of coffee would you like? 你喜欢往咖啡里放些什么？
His manner was a blend of friendliness and respect. 他的态度既友善又毕恭毕敬。
Personification: protesting; signs Paraphrase: More and more oil is extracted out of the linseed pulp and quickly there is a steady and large flow of oil. During the time, all kind of sounds mix together; the beam creaks while it is pressed downward and stretched tight; the stone-wheels squeak and rumble as they crush the linseed into pulp; and the camels sometimes add to the noise grunts and sighs when they are doing their job. | 
